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Golang Essentials: Types and Variables

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## Types and Variables in Go

Go is a statically typed language, which means that variables must be declared with a specific type. The basic types include `int`, `float64`, `bool`, and `string`. When you declare a variable, Go requires you to specify the type along with the variable's name.

### Declaring Variables

Variables in Go can be declared using the `var` keyword. Here's the basic syntax:

```go
var variableName type = initialValue
```

For example:

```go
var age int = 30
```

### Short Variable Declarations

Go also offers a shorthand for declaring and initializing a variable:

```go
name := "John"
```

This statement is shorthand for `var name string = "John"`.

### Zero Values

If you declare a variable without initializing it, Go automatically assigns a default zero value to it, depending on its type. For example, the zero value for `int` is `0`, for `string` it's `""` (empty string), and for `bool` it's `false`.

### Conclusion

Understanding and using types and variables correctly is fundamental in Go programming. Remember to always specify the type when declaring a variable, or use the shorthand syntax for initialization.

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