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Introduction: Hex

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### Hexadecimal in Computer Programming

Hexadecimal (or hex) is a base-16 numeral system that uses sixteen distinct
symbols: 0-9 to represent values 0 to 9, and A-F to represent values 10 to 15.
Hex is widely used in programming because it offers a more human-readable
representation of binary-coded values.

#### Example of a Hexadecimal Number:

```sh
2F
```

In this example:

- The rightmost digit represents \(16^0\) (1)
- The leftmost digit represents \(16^1\) (16)

So, `2F` in hexadecimal is equal to \(2 \times 16 + 15 \times 1 = 47\) in
decimal.

#### Relevance in Programming:

- **Memory Addressing:** Hex is often used to represent memory addresses because
  it's more compact than binary.
- **Color Codes:** Web colors are often specified in hex (e.g., `#FF5733`).
- **Debugging:** Hexadecimal representation is used in debugging tools to
  display binary data in a more readable format.
- **Compact Representation:** Hex simplifies reading and writing binary values,
  making it easier to work with large numbers.

Understanding hexadecimal is important for interpreting low-level data,
optimizing performance, and effective debugging.

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